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Foreign relations of Azerbaijan

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The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.

Diplomatic relations

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Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with 185 United Nations member states, the State of Palestine and the Holy See.[1][2] Azerbaijan does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries:

Azerbaijan also maintains good relations with the European Union, in the framework of its Eastern European Neighbourhood Policy (See Azerbaijan and the European Union).

List

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List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country[3] Date
1  Turkey 14 January 1992
2  Liechtenstein 21 January 1992
3   Switzerland 21 January 1992
4  North Korea 30 January 1992
5  Ukraine 6 February 1992
6  Mexico 10 February 1992
7  Spain 11 February 1992
8  Austria 20 February 1992
9  Germany 20 February 1992
10  France 21 February 1992
11  Poland 21 February 1992
12  Saudi Arabia 24 February 1992
13  Yemen 25 February 1992
14  Bangladesh 26 February 1992
15  India 28 February 1992[4]
16  United States 28 February 1992
17  Guinea 11 March 1992
18  Nigeria 11 March 1992
19  United Kingdom 11 March 1992
20  Iran 12 March 1992
21  Libya 16 March 1992
22  South Korea 23 March 1992
23  Finland 24 March 1992
24  Cuba 27 March 1992
25  Egypt 27 March 1992
26  Philippines 27 March 1992
27  Syria 28 March 1992
28  Iraq 30 March 1992
29  Netherlands 1 April 1992
30  China 2 April 1992
31  Denmark 2 April 1992
32  Greece 2 April 1992[5]
33  Russia 4 April 1992
34  Israel 7 April 1992
—  State of Palestine 15 April 1992
35  Mongolia 16 April 1992
36  Estonia 20 April 1992
37  Hungary 27 April 1992
38  South Africa 29 April 1992
39  Sweden 8 May 1992
40  Italy 8 May 1992
—  Holy See 23 May 1992
41  Moldova 29 May 1992
42  Tajikistan 29 May 1992
43  Luxembourg 1 June 1992
44  Norway 5 June 1992
45  Bulgaria 5 June 1992
46  Portugal 5 June 1992
47  Pakistan 9 June 1992
48  Turkmenistan 9 June 1992
49  Belgium 17 June 1992[6]
50  Australia 19 June 1992
51  Romania 19 June 1992
52  New Zealand 29 June 1992
53  Thailand 7 July 1992
54  Canada 10 July 1992
55  Oman 13 July 1992
56  Sudan 25 July 1992
57  Sri Lanka 4 August 1992
58  Guinea-Bissau 27 August 1992
59  Morocco 28 August 1992
60  Kazakhstan 30 August 1992
61  United Arab Emirates 1 September 1992[7]
62  Japan 7 September 1992
63  Ghana 11 September 1992
64  Vietnam 23 September 1992
65  Indonesia 24 September 1992
66  Lebanon 28 September 1992
67  Brazil 23 October 1992
68  Ethiopia 2 November 1992
69  Georgia 18 November 1992
70  Kyrgyzstan 19 January 1993
71  Czech Republic 29 January 1993
72  Jordan 13 February 1993
73  Malaysia 5 April 1993
74  Madagascar 26 May 1993
75  Belarus 11 June 1993
76  Albania 23 September 1993
77  Argentina 8 November 1993
78  Zambia 18 November 1993
79  Latvia 11 January 1994
80  Algeria 22 April 1994
81  Singapore 15 August 1994
82  Qatar 14 September 1994[8]
83  Kuwait 10 October 1994
84  Mauritania 29 October 1994
85  Guatemala 1 November 1994
86  Seychelles 2 November 1994
87  Chile 3 November 1994
88  Gambia 11 November 1994
89  Afghanistan 16 November 1994
90  Nicaragua 23 November 1994
91  Angola 1 December 1994
92  Colombia 12 December 1994
93  Honduras 22 December 1994
94  Cambodia 28 December 1994
95  Malta 9 January 1995
96  Uruguay 11 January 1995
97  Croatia 26 January 1995
98  Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 February 1995
99  Cameroon 24 February 1995
100    Nepal 28 February 1995
101  Burundi 2 March 1995
102  Sierra Leone 13 March 1995
103  Saint Kitts and Nevis 22 March 1995[9]
104  Antigua and Barbuda 5 April 1995[10]
105  Panama 6 April 1995
106  Venezuela 12 May 1995
107  Laos 22 May 1995
108  Mozambique 20 June 1995
109  North Macedonia 28 June 1995
110  Uganda 19 August 1995
111  Guyana 1 September 1995[11]
112  Uzbekistan 2 October 1995
113  Niger 10 October 1995
114  Lithuania 20 November 1995
115  Jamaica 22 November 1995
116  Brunei 24 November 1995
117  Slovenia 20 February 1996
118  Senegal 14 March 1996
119  Andorra 30 April 1996
120  Liberia 22 May 1996
121  Peru 25 June 1996
122  Ireland 1 July 1996
123  Bolivia 8 July 1996
124  Mauritius 19 July 1996
125  Gabon 1 October 1996
126  Djibouti 22 October 1996
127  Bahrain 6 November 1996[12]
128  Ivory Coast 19 November 1996
129  Slovakia 23 November 1996
130  Mali 26 November 1996
131  Costa Rica 15 January 1997
132  Serbia 21 August 1997
133  Iceland 27 February 1998
134  Tunisia 1 July 1998
135  El Salvador 23 March 1999
136  Myanmar 3 August 1999
137  Benin 14 October 1999
138  Suriname 11 February 2000[13]
139  San Marino 19 April 2002
140  Belize 24 June 2002[13]
141  Haiti 9 May 2003[13]
142  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 23 May 2003[13]
143  Cape Verde 22 March 2004
144  Ecuador 22 March 2004[14]
145  Somalia 22 March 2004
146  East Timor 5 April 2004[13]
147  Chad 5 April 2004
148  Eritrea 20 April 2004
149  Paraguay 20 April 2004
150  Malawi 21 May 2004
151  Burkina Faso 28 May 2004[15]
152  Kenya 28 May 2004
153  Rwanda 28 May 2004
154  Equatorial Guinea 11 November 2004
155  Nauru 11 November 2004[13]
156  Maldives 15 June 2006[13]
157  Dominican Republic 27 November 2007[16]
158  Monaco 19 December 2007
159  Montenegro 24 April 2008
160  Zimbabwe 24 October 2008
161  Tuvalu 9 September 2009[13]
162  Eswatini 7 January 2010
163  Comoros 1 February 2010[17]
164  Marshall Islands 10 March 2010[13]
165  Saint Lucia 11 March 2010[13]
166  Fiji 18 March 2010
167  Grenada 23 September 2010[18]
168  Togo 28 December 2010
169  Solomon Islands 8 February 2011[13]
170  Dominica 4 March 2011[19]
171  Trinidad and Tobago 11 April 2011[20]
172  Democratic Republic of the Congo 23 September 2011
173  Lesotho 28 September 2012[21]
174  South Sudan 23 October 2012
175  Bhutan 7 February 2013
176  Bahamas 2 May 2017[13]
177  Vanuatu 22 September 2017[13]
178  Samoa 19 January 2018[22]
179  Palau 1 February 2018[13]
180  Republic of the Congo 19 March 2018
181  São Tomé and Príncipe 25 September 2018
182  Tanzania 7 February 2019
183  Barbados 2 August 2019[13]
184  Namibia 17 October 2019
185  Papua New Guinea 5 May 2023[13]

Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations

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Multilateral

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Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
 Council of Europe See Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe
  • Azerbaijan joined the Council of Europe as a full member on 25 January 2001.
  • The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe is based in Strasbourg, France.
  • The Council of Europe maintains an Office in Baku, Azerbaijan.
 European Union 1996[23] See Azerbaijan–European Union relations
  • Azerbaijan is not a member of the European Union.
  • The Mission of Azerbaijan to the European Union is located in Brussels, Belgium.
  • The Delegation of the European Union to Azerbaijan Office is located in Baku, Azerbaijan.
 NATO 1992[24] See Azerbaijan–NATO relations
  • Azerbaijan is not a member of NATO.
  • Azerbaijan joined the NATO Partnership for Peace on 4 May 1994.
  • The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to the NATO is based in Brussels, Belgium.
 Turkic States 2009[25] See Azerbaijan–Turkic Council relations

Africa

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Burkina Faso 31 May 2004[26] See Azerbaijan–Burkina Faso relations
 DR Congo 23 October 2011[27] See Azerbaijan–DR Congo relations
 Djibouti 22 October 1996[28] See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
 Ethiopia 2 November 1992[29] See Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations
 Gambia 11 November 1994[30] See Azerbaijan–Gambia relations
 Kenya 31 May 2004[26] See Azerbaijan–Kenya relations
 Libya 16 March 1992[31] See Azerbaijan–Libya relations
 Morocco 25 December 1992[32] See Azerbaijan–Morocco relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Rabat since 2005.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Baku.
 Niger 10 October 1995[33] See Azerbaijan–Niger relations
 Senegal 14 March 1996[34] See Azerbaijan—Senegal relations
 South Africa 29 April 1992[35] See Azerbaijan–South Africa relations
 Tunisia 1 July 1998[36] See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 8 November 1992[37] See Argentina–Azerbaijan relations
 Brazil 21 October 1993[40] See Azerbaijan–Brazil relations
 Canada 10 July 1992[43] See Azerbaijan–Canada relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ottawa.[44]
  • Canada is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.[45]
 Chile 11 January 1995[46] See Azerbaijan–Chile relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Santiago.
  • Chile has an embassy in Baku.
 Colombia 13 December 1994[47] See Azerbaijan–Colombia relations
 Cuba 27 March 1992[49] See Azerbaijan–Cuba relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Baku.
 Ecuador 22 March 2004[50] See Azerbaijan–Ecuador relations
 Mexico 14 January 1992[51] See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations
 Nicaragua 10 February 1994[54] See Azerbaijan–Nicaragua relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Nicaragua through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Nicaragua is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[55]
 Paraguay 20 April 2004[56] See Azerbaijan–Paraguay relations
 Peru 25 June 1996[57] See Azerbaijan–Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.[58]
 United States 1919,
28 February 1992 		See Azerbaijan–United States relations

On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.[59]

 Uruguay 12 January 1995[62] See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Venezuela 12 May 1995[63] See Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations
  • Azerbaijan does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Baku.

Asia

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 1918–1921

Armenia and Azerbaijan does not have formal relations since that time

See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Second Nagorno-Karabakh war

The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[64]

During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[citation needed]

The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[65]

In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[66]

As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[67]

On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[68] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[69] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.

 Bahrain 6 November 1996[70] See Azerbaijan–Bahrain relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Bahrain is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Bangladesh 30 December 1991[71] See Azerbaijan–Bangladesh relations
  • On 30 December 1991, Bangladesh recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 26 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Bangladesh has a consulate in Baku.
 China 2 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–China relations
 India 28 February 1992 See Azerbaijan-India relations
  • India recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 28 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Baku.
 Indonesia 24 September 1992 See Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
  • On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Baku.
 Iran 1918,
12 March 1992 		See Azerbaijan–Iran relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tehran. and a consulate general in Tabriz.
  • Iran has an embassy in Baku. and a consulate general in Nakhchivan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
  • Iran recognized Azerbaijan on 4 January 1992, upgraded its consulate in Baku to establish full diplomatic relations.[59][73]
 Iraq 2 January 1992 See Azerbaijan–Iraq relations
  • On 2 January 1992, Iraq recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 30 March 1992, diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Iraq were established.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Baku.
 Israel 7 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Israel relations
  • Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.[74]
  • Israel was one of the first countries to recognize Azerbaijan on 25 December 1991.[75]
 Japan 7 September 1992 See Azerbaijan–Japan relations
 Jordan 13 February 1993[78][79] See Azerbaijan–Jordan relations
  • On 28 December 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • On 13 February 1993, a protocol on establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Baku.
 Kazakhstan 27 August 1992 See Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku since 16 December 1994.
 Kuwait 10 October 1994[80] See Azerbaijan–Kuwait relations
 Kyrgyzstan 19 January 1993 See Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bishkek.
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Baku.
 Laos 22 May 1995 See Azerbaijan–Laos relations
 Lebanon 18 September 1992[81] See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Malaysia 31 December 1991 See Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku[82]
  • Malaysia recognizes the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.
 Qatar 14 September 1994 See Azerbaijan–Qatar relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Baku.
 Pakistan 9 June 1992 See Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations
 Palestine 15 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Palestine relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Baku since 2011.
 Philippines 27 March 1992[87] See Azerbaijan–Philippines relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Manila.
  • Philippines is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
 Saudi Arabia 24 February 1992[88] See Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riyadh since 1994.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Baku since 1999.
  • Due to its support of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Saudi Arabia refuses to establish diplomatic relations with Armenia.[89]
 South Korea 23 March 1992 See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul.[90]
  • South Korean embassy in Baku.[91]
  • Bilateral Trade agreement was signed in 2014
    • Exports US$269.5 million.
    • Imports US$0.54 million.
 Sri Lanka 12 February 1992[92] See Azerbaijan–Sri Lanka relations
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Syria 28 March 1992[93] See Azerbaijan–Syria relations

Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

 Tajikistan 29 May 1992[94] See Azerbaijan–Tajikistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Dushanbe.
  • Tajikistan has an embassy in Baku.
 Thailand 7 July 1992[95] See Azerbaijan–Thailand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Thailand has a consulate in Baku.
 Turkey 14 Jan. 1992[96] See Azerbaijan–Turkey relations
 Turkmenistan 9 June 1992[98] See Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat.
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
  • The Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan inter-parliamentary friendship group functions in the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan inter-parliamentary friendship group works in the Majlis of Turkmenistan.[99]
 United Arab Emirates 1 September 1992[100] See Azerbaijan–United Arab Emirates relations
  • The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates have an embassy in Baku.
 Uzbekistan 2 October 1995[101] See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.
 Vietnam 23 September 1992[102] See Azerbaijan–Vietnam relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
 Yemen 25 February 1992[103] See Azerbaijan–Yemen relations
  • Yemen is accredited to Azerbaijan via its embassy in Ankara.

Europe

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania 23 September 1992[104] See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
 Austria 20 February 1992 See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
 Belarus 11 June 1993 See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations
 Belgium 17 June 1992 See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 19 February 1995[109] See Azerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 9 February 1995. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on the same day.[110]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
 Bulgaria 5 June 1992 See Azerbaijan—Bulgaria relations
 Croatia 26 January 1995 See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
 Cyprus Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[114]
 Czech Republic 29 January 1993 See Azerbaijan–Czech Republic relations
 Denmark 2 April 1992[116] See Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
  • The Kingdom of Denmark recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 April 1992.[117]
  • Denmark has a consulate in Baku.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London.
 Estonia 20 April 1992 See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations
  • Estonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 February 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Estonia have been established since 20 April 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Baku.
 Finland 24 March 1992
  • The Republic of Finland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 30 December 1991.[118]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 March 1992.[118]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm.
  • Finland has a consulate in Baku.
 France 21 February 1992 See Azerbaijan—France relations
 Georgia 1918,
18 November 1992 		See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Germany 20 February 1992[121] See Azerbaijan–Germany relations
 Greece 2 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Greece relations
 Holy See 23 May 1992 See Azerbaijan–Holy See relations
  • Diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established on 23 May 1992.[125]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to the Holy See through its embassy in Paris, France.[125]
  • The Holy See is accredited to Azerbaijan through its nunciature in Ankara, Turkey.[125]
Hungary Hungary 27 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
 Iceland 27 February 1998[127] See Azerbaijan–Iceland relations
  • Iceland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 19 January 1992.[127]
  • Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 27 February 1998.[127]
  • Iceland is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in London.
Republic of Ireland Ireland 1 July 1996 See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[128]
  • Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).
 Italy 8 May 1992 See Azerbaijan–Italy relations
 Kosovo See Azerbaijan–Kosovo relations
 Latvia 11 January 1994 See Azerbaijan—Latvia relations
 Liechtenstein 21 January 1992[132] See Azerbaijan–Liechtenstein relations
 Lithuania 27 November 1995 See Azerbaijan—Lithuania relations
 Moldova 21 December 1991[133] See Azerbaijan–Moldova relations
 Monaco 19 December 2007[134] See Azerbaijan–Monaco relations
 Montenegro 24 April 2008 See Azerbaijan–Montenegro relations

Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established.

 Netherlands 1 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia 28 June 1995[137] See Azerbaijan—North Macedonia relations
  • North Macedonia has an economic office in Baku.
 Poland 21 February 1992 See Azerbaijan-Poland relations
 Portugal 5 June 1992[138] See Azerbaijan–Portugal relations
  • Portugal recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 7 January 1992.[138]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 5 June 1992.[138]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Romania 21 June 1992 See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
 Russia 4 April 1992 See Azerbaijan–Russia relations
 San Marino 19 April 2002[140] See Azerbaijan–San Marino relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • San Marino maintains an honorary consulate in Baku.
 Serbia 21 August 1997 See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Baku.
 Slovakia 23 November 1993[141] See Azerbaijan–Slovakia relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Baku.
 Slovenia 20 February 1996[142] See Azerbaijan–Slovenia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.
 Spain 11 February 1992[143] See Azerbaijan–Spain relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy office in Baku.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Sweden 8 May 1992 See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations
  Switzerland 21 January 1992 See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
 Ukraine 1919,
6 February 1992 		See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom 1918,
11 March 1992 		See Azerbaijan – United Kingdom relations

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 19 June 1992[153] See Australia–Azerbaijan relations
  • Australia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Canberra.
 New Zealand 29 June 1992[154] See Azerbaijan—New Zealand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

International organizations

[edit]

AsDB BSEC CE CIS EAPC EBRD ECE ECO ESCAP FAO GUAM IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IDB IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC, IOM ISO (correspondent) ITU ITUC OAS (observer) OIC OPCW OSCE PFP United Nations UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UPU WCO WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WToO WTO(observer)

Other entities

[edit]

Disputes

[edit]

Nagorno-Karabakh/Azerbaijan

[edit]
See also: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.

Caviar diplomacy

[edit]
Main article: Caviar diplomacy

The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[155][156] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[157]

ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[158] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[159][160][161][162]

Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[162][163] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[157][164]

At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[165] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[166] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[167]

ESISC report

[edit]
Main article: European strategic intelligence and security center

On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[168]

ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[169] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[170] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.[168]

According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[171]

European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[172]

See also

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Further reading

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References

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